Science & engineering
tools and calculators.
61 practical tools with clear inputs and explanations. Choose a tool below, or explore a role-based toolbox for a collection that fits your day.
Stokes settling velocity
Estimate a small sphere’s settling speed and inspect the resulting Reynolds number.
Ideal rocket delta-v
Relate mass ratio and specific impulse to ideal velocity change.
Ideal circular orbit
Calculate circular speed, period and local escape speed around a supplied central mass.
Coplanar Hohmann transfer
Compare ideal tangential impulses and coast time between two circular orbits.
Greybody radiative heat exchange
Compare emitted power and net exchange with a large surrounding environment.
Interactive pendulum simulation
Change a pendulum’s length, gravity and damping, then watch its motion and angle trace.
Loaded voltage divider
Calculate a resistor divider with an optional load across its lower resistor.
Two-branch current divider
Split a supplied total current between two ideal parallel resistors.
LED series resistor calculator
Estimate the ideal resistor and dissipation for a low-voltage DC LED string.
First-order RC filter
Find the ideal cutoff, gain and phase of an unloaded RC low-pass or high-pass filter.
RL current rise calculator
Explore an ideal series RL step response and stored magnetic energy.
LC resonance calculator
Calculate an ideal LC resonant frequency and the series-RLC quality factor.
Capacitive & inductive reactance
Find ideal reactance magnitudes and signed imaginary impedance at a frequency.
Series RLC impedance
Calculate impedance, RMS current, phase and real power for an ideal series RLC circuit.
Waveform RMS & peak
Compare peak, peak-to-peak and RMS for ideal symmetric periodic waveforms.
Ideal transformer ratios
Relate winding turns, RMS voltages, currents and reflected resistance.
Ideal op-amp gain
Compare ideal inverting and non-inverting closed-loop amplifier results.
555 astable timer calculator
Estimate standard 555 timing, frequency and high-state duty cycle.
Capacitor charge sharing
Calculate the ideal final voltage when two charged capacitors are connected in parallel.
Resistor colour code reader
Decode four- or five-band resistor values and tolerance limits.
Resistor tolerance checker
Compare a set of measured resistances against a nominal value and tolerance.
Molality calculator
Calculate solute moles per kilogram of solvent, keeping solvent and solution mass separate.
Ideal osmotic pressure
Estimate dilute-solution osmotic pressure from concentration and a particle factor.
Serial dilution planner
Build a concentration table for equal-volume repeated dilution steps.
Solution concentration by blending
Mix two solutions of the same solute using mass percentages.
pH, pOH & concentration
Relate pH, pOH and idealised hydronium/hydroxide concentrations using a stated pKw.
Weak acid buffer pH
Explore the Henderson–Hasselbalch model with a stated conjugate pair.
Boiling & freezing point shifts
Estimate ideal boiling-point elevation and freezing-point depression from molality.
Arrhenius rate ratio
Compare rate constants at two absolute temperatures using an activation energy.
Ideal gas density calculator
Calculate mass density from absolute pressure, temperature and molar mass.
Reaction percentage yield
Compare actual product yield with a supplied theoretical yield.
Ohm’s law calculator
Calculate current and resistor power from voltage and resistance.
DC electrical power calculator
Relate voltage and current to power and energy over time.
Series & parallel resistors
Calculate ideal resistance in series or parallel.
Series & parallel capacitors
Calculate ideal capacitance in series or parallel.
RC time constant calculator
Estimate ideal resistor-capacitor charging and discharging.
Capacitor energy calculator
Find stored charge and energy from capacitance and voltage.
Charge from current & time
Translate a constant current and duration into electric charge.
Kinetic energy calculator
Find classical kinetic energy from mass and speed.
Gravitational potential energy
Calculate a near-surface energy change from a vertical height change.
Momentum calculator
Calculate one-dimensional classical momentum.
Average acceleration calculator
Find velocity change per unit time.
Newton’s second law calculator
Relate mass and acceleration to net force.
Constant acceleration calculator
Find velocity and displacement in a one-dimensional motion model.
Ideal projectile motion
Explore range, height and flight time for a level-ground model.
Wave speed calculator
Relate wavelength and frequency to wave speed.
Frequency & period calculator
Convert frequency into cycle period, or period into frequency.
Hooke’s law calculator
Find the restoring force for an ideal linear spring.
Spring energy calculator
Calculate elastic potential energy stored in an ideal spring.
Simple pendulum period
Estimate a small-angle pendulum’s period and frequency.
Pressure from force & area
Calculate average normal pressure on a surface.
Buoyant force calculator
Find ideal buoyancy from displaced fluid volume and density.
Ideal gas pressure calculator
Estimate absolute pressure from gas amount, volume and temperature.
Solution dilution calculator
Calculate stock volume for a target concentration and final volume.
Molarity calculator
Calculate concentration from solute amount and final solution volume.
Mass & moles calculator
Convert a mass and molar mass into amount of substance, or back.
Specific heat energy calculator
Estimate energy for a temperature change without a phase transition.
Linear thermal expansion
Estimate a length change using a supplied expansion coefficient.
Energy efficiency calculator
Compare useful energy output with total energy input.
Centripetal force calculator
Find the inward force required for uniform circular motion.
Work by a constant force
Calculate work from force, displacement and their angle.